Safety Data Sheet Quick Reference

Hazards:

Corrosive, oxidizing, toxic

Storage:

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Keep away from organic materials, reducing agents, and metals.

Handling:

Use in fume hood. Wear acid-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and lab coat. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water for 15 minutes. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing, flush with water. Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention.

Disposal:

Neutralize with base (sodium carbonate) before disposal. Follow local regulations.

Hazards:

Corrosive, toxic, releases toxic fumes

Storage:

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Keep away from bases, oxidizing agents, and metals.

Handling:

Use in fume hood. Wear acid-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and lab coat. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water for 15 minutes. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing, flush with water. Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention.

Disposal:

Neutralize with base (sodium carbonate) before disposal. Follow local regulations.

Hazards:

Highly corrosive, toxic, bone-seeking. Causes deep tissue damage that can be DELAYED — small painless splashes can still cause systemic hypocalcemia and death hours later.

Storage:

Store in HF-compatible polyethylene or polypropylene containers (NEVER glass — HF etches glass). Cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Secondary containment.

Handling:

Calcium gluconate 2.5% gel must be within arm's reach BEFORE opening any HF container — locating it during exposure is too late. Use only in a fume hood. Wear HF-rated nitrile or neoprene gloves over standard nitrile, full face shield, splash apron, and lab coat. Apply by swab; never immerse a finger to wipe.

First Aid:

IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION REQUIRED EVEN FOR PAINLESS EXPOSURE. Skin: flush with water for 5 minutes, then apply calcium gluconate gel and massage into the affected area; continue applying gel and seek emergency care. Eyes: flush with water for at least 15 minutes; do NOT use gluconate gel in the eyes — seek emergency care immediately. Inhalation: move to fresh air; emergency care immediately.

Disposal:

Neutralize with calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, or lime. Follow strict local regulations.

Hazards:

Explosive when dry — shock, friction, or heat can detonate dry crystals. Forms shock-sensitive picrate salts with metals. Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption.

Storage:

Store wetted with at least 30% water by weight (visible water layer). Use plastic or amber-glass bottles with plastic-lined caps — NEVER metal caps or metal-lined closures. Keep away from copper, lead, zinc, and other metals (reactive metals form shock-sensitive picrate salts). Store away from heat, sparks, oxidizers, and reducing agents. Inspect periodically for water-layer loss; refill before crystals dry out.

Handling:

Verify the bottle is wetted (water layer visible) BEFORE opening. Mix in a fume hood; standard PPE — gloves, splash goggles, lab coat. Avoid friction, shock, and heat. Never grind dry crystals; never evaporate to dryness.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water for 15 minutes. Skin: Wash with soap and water (yellow staining indicates contact). Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.

Disposal:

Keep wetted. Collect for organic-acid hazardous-waste pickup. Do not allow to dry. Bottles found with crusted necks or dried crystals should NOT be opened — call hazardous-materials specialists for safe handling.

Hazards:

Flammable, toxic

Storage:

Store in cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and flames. Keep containers tightly closed.

Handling:

Use in well-ventilated area. Wear gloves and safety goggles. Avoid open flames and ignition sources.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water. Skin: Wash with soap and water. Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, seek medical attention.

Disposal:

Follow local regulations. Can often be disposed of as flammable waste.

Hazards:

Corrosive, caustic, toxic

Storage:

Store in cool, dry area. Keep away from acids, water, and moisture. Store in tightly closed containers.

Handling:

Wear alkali-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and lab coat. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Use in well-ventilated area.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water for 15 minutes. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing, flush with water. Seek medical attention.

Disposal:

Neutralize with acid before disposal. Follow local regulations.

Hazards:

Oxidizing, toxic, carcinogenic, environmental hazard

Storage:

Store in cool, dry area away from reducing agents and organic materials. Keep containers tightly closed.

Handling:

Use in fume hood. Wear gloves, safety goggles, and lab coat. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of dust.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water. Skin: Wash with soap and water. Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention.

Disposal:

Follow strict local regulations. Chromium compounds require special disposal procedures.

Hazards:

Toxic, irritant, environmental hazard

Storage:

Store in cool, dry area. Keep containers tightly closed.

Handling:

Wear gloves, safety goggles, and lab coat. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of dust.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water. Skin: Wash with soap and water. Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

Disposal:

Follow local regulations. Copper compounds may require special disposal.

Hazards:

Corrosive, toxic, irritant

Storage:

Store in cool, dry area. Keep containers tightly closed. Hygroscopic - keep away from moisture.

Handling:

Wear gloves, safety goggles, and lab coat. Use in well-ventilated area. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing, flush with water. Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

Disposal:

Neutralize before disposal. Follow local regulations.

Hazards:

Corrosive, toxic, releases ammonia vapors

Storage:

Store in cool, well-ventilated area. Keep containers tightly closed. Store away from acids.

Handling:

Use in fume hood. Wear gloves, safety goggles, and lab coat. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapors.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water. Skin: Flush with water. Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

Disposal:

Neutralize with acid before disposal. Follow local regulations.

Hazards:

Oxidizing, corrosive, can decompose violently

Storage:

Store in cool, dark area away from heat and organic materials. Keep containers tightly closed. Store away from reducing agents.

Handling:

Wear gloves, safety goggles, and lab coat. Use in well-ventilated area. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Do not mix with organic materials.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water. Skin: Flush with water. Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

Disposal:

Dilute before disposal. Follow local regulations.

Hazards:

Highly corrosive, toxic, dehydrating

Storage:

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Keep away from bases, oxidizing agents, and organic materials.

Handling:

Use in fume hood. Wear acid-resistant gloves, safety goggles, face shield, and lab coat. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water for 15 minutes. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing, flush with water. Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek immediate medical attention.

Disposal:

Neutralize with base (sodium carbonate) before disposal. Follow local regulations.

Hazards:

Corrosive, flammable, toxic

Storage:

Store in cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and flames. Keep containers tightly closed.

Handling:

Use in well-ventilated area. Wear gloves, safety goggles, and lab coat. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water. Skin: Flush with water. Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

Disposal:

Neutralize before disposal. Follow local regulations.

Hazards:

Low hazard, may cause mild irritation

Storage:

Store in cool, dry area. Keep containers tightly closed.

Handling:

Wear gloves and safety goggles. Generally low hazard but avoid prolonged contact.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water. Skin: Wash with soap and water. Generally low hazard.

Disposal:

Follow local regulations. Generally can be disposed of as regular waste.

Hazards:

Strong oxidizer. Anhydrous or hot perchloric mixed with organic solvents (alcohols, acetic anhydride, glycerol) is EXPLOSIVE. Even cold dilute perchloric vapors accumulate explosive residues in ordinary fume-hood ductwork over time.

Storage:

Store in original glass container in a perchloric-acid-only cabinet, away from organic materials, reducing agents, dehydrating agents, and metals. Do NOT store on a wood shelf or near combustibles. Inspect for crystallization or discoloration — discolored acid must be removed by hazardous-waste specialists.

Handling:

Use ONLY in a perchloric-rated wash-down fume hood with dedicated ductwork — NEVER a standard organic-chemistry fume hood. For metallographic electropolishing, use a chilled commercial cell (Lectropol, etc.) rather than benchtop mixing. Wear acid-resistant gloves, full face shield, splash apron, and lab coat. Add acid to water slowly, with cooling.

First Aid:

Eyes: Flush with water for at least 15 minutes; emergency care. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing, flush copiously with water; emergency care for any thermal/chemical burn. Inhalation: Move to fresh air, emergency care.

Disposal:

Never pour perchloric down a drain shared with organic waste. Collect for inorganic-oxidizer hazardous waste pickup. Standard fume hoods that have seen perchloric work require specialist decontamination before disposal.